Russian speech etiquette in the aspect of speech genre in diachrony (on the material of Russian phraseological dictionaries)

Abstract

The subject of the study was phraseological units and catchphrases, representing specific etiquette genres peculiar to communication ethics in the 18th-21st centuries, that is, speech etiquette in diachrony. The aim of the article was to trace the change in speech formulas reflecting various etiquette genres in different periods of the development of Russian society and to demonstrate the specifics of speech etiquette in business and everyday communication. The study of speech etiquette in diachrony is relevant, as it allows us to trace the dynamics of the moral foundations of Russian society in a particular period of its development. Semantic and stylistic analysis of the language material extracted from the phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language and the dictionary of popular expressions allowed us to make the following conclusion: there are etiquette genres of business and everyday communication. In quantitative terms, the etiquette genres of everyday communication prevail; due to this fact, phraseological units and catchphrases with colloquial coloring dominate; phraseological dictionaries record both outdated formulas of speech etiquette, typical for business and everyday communication of the 18th-19th centuries, and modern ones, mostly ironic, playful, less often euphemistic, more typical for everyday communication. Phraseological units labeled "obsolete" captured the communication ethics and speech etiquette of the 18th-19th centuries, while catchphrases - the speech etiquette of everyday communication of the 20th-21st centuries. Two etiquette genres turned out to be numerous in terms of the number of catchphrases: an invitation to something and a request, which by origin are phrases of characters in works of art, television and films, animated films, as well as phrases from songs known to the mass addressee.