Competing Models of Digital State in Russia, China, USA and EU: Digital Sovereignty and Global Cooperation

Abstract

This work is dedicated to the study of the concept of digital sovereignty and a comparative analysis of the models of digital states implemented by Russia, China, the USA, and the EU. The research aims to identify the key characteristics and fundamental differences in approaches to ensuring digital sovereignty, to assess the impact of these differences on the prospects for international cooperation, and to analyze possible scenarios for the evolution of the global digital space amidst intensifying geopolitical competition. The research results demonstrate that the models of digital states reflect not only the specific political, economic, and social conditions of each country but also their strategic priorities in the areas of national security, economic development, and the protection of citizens' rights. In conclusion, it is emphasized that, against the backdrop of increasing fragmentation of the global internet, the further evolution of the global digital space largely depends on the political will of states and their readiness for constructive dialogue. However, current trends favor the formation of closed digital blocs and the strengthening of national security measures. In this vein, emphasis is placed on analyzing the risks and opportunities associated with creating an open, inclusive, and secure digital space, which in the current reality is becoming an increasingly elusive goal.