Relationship between immigrant integration and socioeconomic indicators of European immigrant-receiving countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2023-2-186-199Keywords:
integration, acculturation, migration, migrant, immigrant, development, europeAbstract
Integration is a two-way process depending on host countries, and the immigrants. Immigrants' successful integration in the host countries is an important issue bringing benefits for both immigrants and the host countries. Immigrants receiving countries' migration policies, actions, and peoples' perception towards accepting foreign citizens is an essential factor in the successful integration process. However, the integration process in a specific geographical region, such as Europe, also differs from one country to another. The integration process depends on the socioeconomic position, and development of the host and home countries. It also depends on the types of migration, migrants' status, etc. Therefore, this study tries to investigate and explain the typology and socioeconomic characteristics of European immigrant receiving countries regarding integration policies. It discusses the relationship between Human Development Index, Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index, Social Progress Index, Gross National Income, Internet users % of the population, Ranking of Happiness, Happiness Ranking for the Foreign-Born, KOF Globalization index, and Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). This study uses a descriptive-analytical method, to show the socioeconomic characteristics of European immigrant-receiving countries. To show the strength of the relationship between the indexes, the study used pairwise correlation analysis (sig. level, 0.01). The main results of the study show that Northern and Western European countries have more favorable integration policies for immigrants than Southern and Eastern European countries. Moreover, there is a mutual positive interrelationship between all the indexes. The happier the citizens of the host countries are, the happier the immigrants are and the more favorable the integration policies are for immigrants.References
Bose P. S. Refugees in Vermont: mobility and acculturation in a new immigrant destination. // Journal of Transport Geography. 2014. Vol. 36. P. 151-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrange.2014.03.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.03.016
Fackler T. A., Giesing Y., Laurentsyeva N. Knowledge remittances: Does emigration foster innovation? // Researh Policy. 2020. Vol. 49, No. 9. Р. 1-17. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2019.103863 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2019.103863
Hellwig T., Sinno A. Different groups, different threats: public attitudes towards immigrants // Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies. 2016. Vol. 43, No. 3. P. 339-358. DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.2016.1202749 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2016.1202749
Shivakoti R. Asian Migration Governance. Regional Integration and Migration Governance in the Global South // United Nations University Series on Regionalism. 2020. Vol. 20. P. 177-199. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43942-2_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43942-2_8
Shamsuddin M, Katsaiti M-S. Migration and Happiness: Evidence from Germany // Journal of Happiness Studies. 2019. Vol. 21, No. 8. P. 2931-2955. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-019-00207-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00207-6
Segal U. A. Globalization, migration, and ethnicity // Public Health. 2019. Vol. 172, No. 11. P. 135-142. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.011
Brzozowski J., Coniglio N.International Migration and the (Un)happiness Push: Evidence from Polish Longitudinal Data // International Migration Review. 2021. Vol. 55, No. 4. P. 1089-1120. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211004835 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183211004835
Grimes A., Wesselbaum D. Moving Towards Happiness? // International Migration. 2019. Vol. 57, No. 3. P. 20-40. DOI: 10.1111/imig.12546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12546
Tatarko A., Jurcik T., Hadjar A. How Migration Policy Shapes the Subjective Well-Being of the Non-immigrant Population in European Countries // Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2021. Vol. 52, No. 3. P. 316-333. DOI: 10.1177/00220221211001531 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00220221211001531
Choi S., Cha Y-K.Integration policy in education and immigrant students' patriotic pride in host countries: A cross-national analysis of 24 European countries // International Journal of Inclusive Education. 2019. Vol. 25, No. 7. P. 812-826. DOI: 10.1080/13603116.2019.1574315 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1574315
Jermsittiparsert K., Sriyaku T. Determinants of quality education in Asian countries: impact of social globalization, happiness and research and development // Journal of Security and Sustainability Issues. 2020. Vol. 9, No. 15. P. 202-214. DOI: 10.9770/jssi.2020.9.j(15) DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2020.9.J(15)
Kogan I., Shen J., Siegert M. What Makes a Satisfied Immigrant? Host-Country Characteristics and Immigrants' Life Satisfaction in Eighteen European Countries // Journal of Happiness Studies. 2017. Vol. 19, No. 6. P. 1783-809. DOI: 10.1007/s10902-017-9896-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9896-4
Paparusso A. Immigrants' Self-reported Life Satisfaction in Europe. Immigrant Integration in Europe // Springer International Publishing. 2021. P. 79-100. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78505-5_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78505-5_5
Roka D. The Effect of Human Development on Happiness: A Comparative Study of UN Member States // International Journal of Science and Business. 2020. Vol. 4, No. 4. P. 61-78. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3736375
The Relationship Between Sentiments of Social Media and Economic Indicators. Lecture Notes in Computer Science / P.-H. Huang et al. // Springer International Publishing. 2020. Vol. 11987. P. 62-67. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-66187-8_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66187-8_7
Iliescu Elena M. The influence of the GDP conversion rate into GNI on social progress.Comparative analysis at the EU level // Challenges of the knowledge society. 2019. Vol. 11, No. 13. P. 1046-1052. URL: https://www.europub.co.uk/articles/-A-591036
Feigin G. Globalization of World Economy: Trends and Contradictions // World Economy and International Relations. 2021. Vol. 65, No. 4. P. 5-13. DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-4-5-13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-4-5-13
Niessen J., Huddleston T., Citron L. Migrant policy integration index, technical report // British Council and Migration Policy Group. 2007. URL: MIPEX-2006-2007-final.pdf
